Cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the online learning climate scale for Chilean university students.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly changed university teaching and learning formats, leading to a significant increase in online learning. Consequently, the crisis has facilitated the potential development of this educational modality. However, researchers need adapted and validated instruments to assess the online learning climate in universities. Aim: This study aimed to adapt and psychometrically validate the Online Learning Climate Scale (OLCS) for Chilean university students. Method: Quantitative research was conducted with a non-experimental and cross-sectional, design executed in two phases: the first was oriented to the cultural adaptation of the instrument, and the second was focused on analyzing its psychometric properties in a sample of 491 university students. Results: A translated and culturally adapted version was obtained, composed of 15 items distributed in a factorial structure composed of four dimensions that showed excellent adjustment to the data [χ2 (84) = 189.628; p < 0.001; CFI = 0.979; TLI = 0.973; RMSEA = 0.051 (IC90% 0.044-0.059); SRMR = 0.028]; internal consistency was estimated through Cronbach's alpha and ranged between 0.892 and 0.955, and strict invariance between men and women was achieved. Discussion: The Online Learning Climate Scale (OLCS) is a valid and reliable measure for measuring the online learning climate within the Chilean higher education context so that it can be used both in research and in monitoring management programs in educational environments.

Condiciones laborales e indicadores de salud mental en profesionales de la medicina y enfermería en Chile durante la pandemia por COVID-19 / Working conditions and mental health indicators in medical and nursing professionals in Chile during the COVID-19 pandemic

Antecedentes: La salud mental del personal sanitario fue afectada por la pandemia de SARS-CoV-2 y sus consecuencias asociadas, entre ellas, el cambio en las condiciones laborales. Objetivos: Analizar la relación entre indicadores de salud mental y factores socio-laborales. Materiales y métodos: Los instrumentos PHQ-9, GAD-7 e ISI-3 fueron aplicados a 90 trabajadores sanitarios. Resultados: El personal de enfermería reportó mayor sintomatología depresiva, ansiosa y de insomnio. A su vez, manifestaron mayores indicadores de depresión en interacción con el cambio en la jornada laboral (F (1,86) = 3.83, p= 0.05, η² parcial= 0.04) y turno de trabajo (F (1,86) = 6.80, p= 0.01, η² parcial = 0.07); mayor sintomatología ansiosa en interacción con cambio de jornada (F (1,86) = 5.83, p= 0.02, η² parcial= 0.06) y turno de trabajo (F (1,86) = 9.26, p= 0.003, η² parcial = 0.10). Asimismo, más indicadores de insomnio en interacción con pertenecer a la primera línea (F (1,86) = 4.96, p = 0.04, η² parcial= 0.05) y cambios en la jornada laboral (F (1,86) = 3.88, p = 0.05, η² parcial= 0.04). Conclusión: El personal de enfermería resultó más afectado por los cambios en las condiciones laborales, teniendo mayor sintomatología ansiosa, depresiva e insomnio (AU)

Background: The mental health of health personnel was affected by the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and its associated consequences, including the change in working conditions. Aims: To analyze the relationship between mental health indicators and socio-occupational factors. Materials and methods: The PHQ-9, GAD-7, and ISI-3 were applied to 90 health workers. Results: Nursing staff reported greater depressive, anxiety, and insomnia symptomatology. In turn, they manifested greater indicators of depression in interaction with the change in workday (F (1,86) = 3.83, p= 0.05, partial η² = 0.04) and work shift (F (1,86) = 6.80, p= 0. 01, partial η² = 0.07); greater anxious symptomatology in interaction with change in workday (F (1,86) = 5.83, p= 0.02, partial η² = 0.06) and work shift (F (1,86) = 9.26, p= 0.003, partial η² = 0.10). Additionally, more indicators of insomnia in interaction with being on the front line (F (1,86) = 4.96, p = 0.04, partial η²= 0.05) and changes in working hours (F (1,86) = 3.88, p = 0.05, partial η²= 0.04). Conclusion: The nursing staff was more affected by changes in working conditions, having more symptoms of anxiety, depression, and insomnia (AU)

Estrés y cognición: propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Estrés Percibido y asociaciones con el funcionamiento cognitivo, síntomas prefrontales y quejas cognitivas / Stress and cognition: psychometric properties of the Perceived Stress Scale and associations with cognitive functioning, prefrontal symptoms, and cognitive complaints

Introducción: La escala de estrés percibido de Cohen (EEP) es el instrumento más utilizado a nivel mundial para medir estrés percibido, sin embargo, no existen análisis psicométricos en población general venezolana. Además, la teoría sugiere que el estrés podría tener efectos en el funcionamiento cognitivo a través de la sintomatología prefrontal y las quejas cognitivas. Objetivos. Analizar las propiedades psicométricas de la EEP y determinar la relación del estrés percibido y el funcionamiento cognitivo mediante los síntomas prefrontales y las quejas cognitivas. Sujetos y métodos. Se aplicaron las pruebas EEP, ISP-18, MFE-30 y MoCA a una muestra de 223 participantes (Medad = 33, D.E. = 12.82; 64% mujeres). Se ejecutaron análisis factoriales confirmatorios para determinar el ajuste de las versiones de la EEP y modelos de ecuaciones estructurales para analizar las relaciones entre variables. Resultados. La estructura de la EEP con mejor ajuste se compone de diez ítems y dos factores denominados incontrolabilidad percibida y eficacia percibida. Asimismo, el modelo estructural obtuvo un excelente ajuste a los datos y pone de manifiesto que el efecto del estrés sobre el funcionamiento cognitivo ocurre a través de los síntomas prefrontales y las quejas cognitivas (ß = -.303; EE = .123; p = .013). Discusión. La EEP-10 es una herramienta breve, valida y confiable para ser utilizada en contexto venezolano. Los efectos del estrés percibido sobre el funcionamiento cognitivo ocurren a través de una mediación serial que involucra la percepción de los individuos respecto a su funcionamiento ejecutivo y fallos cognitivos cotidianos.(AU)

Introduction: The Cohen’s Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) is the most widely used instrument worldwide to measure perceived stress; however, there are no psychometric analyses in the Venezuelan general population. Moreover, theory suggests that stress could have effects on cognitive functioning through prefrontal symptomatology and cognitive complaints. Aims. To analyze the psychometric properties of the EEP and to determine the relationship of perceived stress and cognitive functioning through prefrontal symptoms and cognitive complaints. Subjects and methods. The EEP, ISP-18, MFE-30, and MoCA tests were administered to a sample of 223 participants (Mage = 33, SD = 12.82; 64% female). Confirmatory factor analyses were run to determine the fit of the EEP versions, and structural equation models were performed to analyze the relationships between variables. Results. The structure of the EEP with the best fit was composed of ten items and two factors called perceived uncontrollability and perceived efficacy. Also, the structural model obtained an excellent fit to the data and highlights that the effect of stress on cognitive functioning occurs through prefrontal symptoms and cognitive complaints (ß = -.303; EE = .123; p = .013). Discussion. The EEP-10 is a brief, valid and reliable tool to be used in a Venezuelan context. The effects of perceived stress on cognitive functioning occur through a serial mediation involving individuals’ perception of their executive functioning and everyday cognitive failures.(AU)

Measuring school social climate in Latin America: the need for multidimensional and multi-informant tests - A systematic review.

Introduction: School social climate is central to understanding learning experiences in education environments. Previous studies describe various conceptual and operational definitions around the construct; however, there are no records of reviews focused on Latin America. Aim: This study sought to analyze the available evidence and the quality of school social climate measures in Latin America through a systematic review of the literature based on the PRISMA methodology and the COSMIN checklist to assess the psychometric properties of the instruments. Methodology: The Web of Science, Scopus, Psycinfo, and SciELO databases were consulted. A total of 582 records was identified, of which 27 fulfilled the inclusion criteria and methodological quality to be included in the systematization. Results: The results show that the country with the greatest scientific production on the topic is Chile, the measures are centered mainly on the students' perspective and the most used instrument is the CECSCE. In addition, a common aspect to all the records is that they were not sufficient to capture the complexity of school social climate. Conclusion: Multidimensional and multi-informant measures are needed to adequately assess the construct.

Validez transcultural del "Cuestionario de quejas de memoria en la vida cotidiana" (Mfe-30): fiabilidad a análisis de factores en población venezolana / Cross-cultural validity of the Memory Failures Everyday Questionnaire (MFE-30): Reliability and factor analysis in Venezuelan population

Las quejas de memoria son un motivo de consulta recurrente en adultos jóvenes y mayores que acuden a centros asistenciales y deberían ser evaluadas con instrumentos que muestren propiedades psicométricas óptimas. El "Cuestionario de fallos de memoria en la vida cotidiana" (MFE-30) permite medir los olvidos y errores que las personas perciben diariamente; sin embargo no existen informes de sus propiedades psicométricas en el contexto latinoamericano. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la fiabilidad y validez del instrumento en población venezolana. Se llevó a cabo un análisis exploratorio en una muestra compuesta por personas de población general y problemas de adicción a sustancias (n = 300) y el análisis confirmatorio en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios (n = 303). Los resultados reflejan una estructura de tres dimensiones que explican el 48,5% de la varianza. Se observan buenos indicadores de fiabilidad (alfa= 0,92), correlaciones significativas con pruebas de despistaje cognitivo y capacidad para discriminar entre grupos. En conclusión, puede considerarse como una medida válida y fiable, permitiendo su uso emergente a nivel clínico y de investigación

Memory complaints are a reason for recurring consultation both among young adults and older adults who attend health centers, therefore they should be evaluated with instruments that show optimal psychometric properties. The Memory Failures Everyday Questionnaire (MFE-30) allows measuring the forgetfulness and mistakes that people perceive daily; however there are no reports of its psychometric properties in the Latin American context. The aim of this study was to analyze the reliability and validity of the instrument in Venezuelan population. An exploratory analysis was carried out in a sample composed of general population and individuals with substance addiction problems (n = 300); and a confirmatory analysis was made in a sample of university students (n = 303). The results reflect a three-dimensional structure that explains 48.5% of the variance. Good indicators of reliability are observed (alfa = .92), significant correlations with cognitive screening tests and ability to discriminate between groups. In conclusion, it can be considered as a valid and reliable measure, allowing its emergent use at clinical and research level

Sintomatología frontal, estrés autopercibido y quejas subjetivas de memoria en adictos a sustancias / Frontal symptoms, self-perceived stress, and subjective memory complaints in substance abusers

Introducción. La adicción a sustancias representa un problema de salud pública, teniendo en cuenta que a diario aumenta el número de individuos que consumen drogas. Resulta de interés el estudio de variables neuropsicológicas que permitan comprender la naturaleza de las adicciones, entendiendo que los circuitos cerebrales están implicados en su establecimiento, mantenimiento y rehabilitación. Objetivos. Determinar la influencia de la adicción sobre la sintomatología frontal, el estrés autopercibido y las quejas subjetivas de memoria; analizar cómo se relacionan dichas variables en las personas con adicciones y establecer diferencias en cuanto a estas variables entre adictos con y sin quejas subjetivas de memoria. Sujetos y métodos. Se aplicó el inventario de síntomas prefrontales (ISP), la escala de estrés percibido (EEP-14) y el cuestionario de fallos de memoria de la vida cotidiana (MFE-30) a una muestra compuesta por 115 adictos a sustancias y 115 personas de población no clínica, igualadas en edad, sexo y nivel educativo. Resultados. Se evidencian diferencias significativas entre los adictos a sustancias y los sujetos no clínicos en la escala emocional del ISP y el MFE-30; además, en la muestra clínica se observan correlaciones altamente significativas entre todas las escalas. Entre las personas con adicciones que manifestaron quejas de memoria y quienes no, se evidencian diferencias significativas en todas las escalas, a excepción del estrés autopercibido. Conclusiones. Se considera necesario tomar en cuenta los niveles de estrés autopercibido, la sintomatología frontal y las quejas subjetivas de memoria en adictos a sustancias, debido a que los problemas ejecutivos, atencionales y mnésicos podrían afectar diversas variables en el proceso de tratamiento y rehabilitación (AU)

Introduction. Substance addiction is a public health problem considering that every day increases the number of individuals with problem drug use, in this sense it is interesting the study of neuropsychological variables to understand the nature of addiction, understanding that brain circuits are involved in the establishment, maintenance and rehabilitation of the same. Aims. To determine the influence of addiction on the frontal symptoms, self-perceived stress and subjective memory complaints, secondly, to analyze how these variables relate to people with addictions and finally, establish differences in them between addicts with and without subjective memory complaints. Subjects and methods. ISP, EEP-14 and MFE-30 instruments were applied to a sample of 115 substance abusers, and 115 people from non-clinical population, matched for age, sex and educational level. Results. Significant differences are evident between addicted to substances and non-clinical subjects in the emotional scale ISP and MFE-30, also in the clinical sample highly significant correlations between all scales are observed; Finally, among people with addictions who reported memory complaints and those who do not, significant differences are evident on all scales except for the self-perceived stress. Conclusions. It is considered necessary to take into account the levels of self-perceived stress, frontal symptoms and subjective memory complaints in substance abusers, because the executive, attentional and mnemonic problems may affect several variables in the process of treatment and rehabilitation (AU)

[Frontal symptoms, self-perceived stress, and subjective memory complaints in substance abusers]. / Sintomatología frontal, estrés autopercibido y quejas subjetivas de memoria en adictos a sustancias.

INTRODUCTION: Substance addiction is a public health problem considering that every day increases the number of individuals with problem drug use, in this sense it is interesting the study of neuropsychological variables to understand the nature of addiction, understanding that brain circuits are involved in the establishment, maintenance and rehabilitation of the same. AIMS: To determine the influence of addiction on the frontal symptoms, self-perceived stress and subjective memory complaints, secondly, to analyze how these variables relate to people with addictions and finally, establish differences in them between addicts with and without subjective memory complaints. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: ISP, EEP-14 and MFE-30 instruments were applied to a sample of 115 substance abusers, and 115 people from non-clinical population, matched for age, sex and educational level. RESULTS: Significant differences are evident between addicted to substances and non-clinical subjects in the emotional scale ISP and MFE-30, also in the clinical sample highly significant correlations between all scales are observed; Finally, among people with addictions who reported memory complaints and those who do not, significant differences are evident on all scales except for the self-perceived stress. CONCLUSIONS: It is considered necessary to take into account the levels of self-perceived stress, frontal symptoms and subjective memory complaints in substance abusers, because the executive, attentional and mnemonic problems may affect several variables in the process of treatment and rehabilitation.

TITLE: Sintomatologia frontal, estres autopercibido y quejas subjetivas de memoria en adictos a sustancias.Introduccion. La adiccion a sustancias representa un problema de salud publica, teniendo en cuenta que a diario aumenta el numero de individuos que consumen drogas. Resulta de interes el estudio de variables neuropsicologicas que permitan comprender la naturaleza de las adicciones, entendiendo que los circuitos cerebrales estan implicados en su establecimiento, mantenimiento y rehabilitacion. Objetivos. Determinar la influencia de la adiccion sobre la sintomatologia frontal, el estres autopercibido y las quejas subjetivas de memoria; analizar como se relacionan dichas variables en las personas con adicciones y establecer diferencias en cuanto a estas variables entre adictos con y sin quejas subjetivas de memoria. Sujetos y metodos. Se aplico el inventario de sintomas prefrontales (ISP), la escala de estres percibido (EEP-14) y el cuestionario de fallos de memoria de la vida cotidiana (MFE-30) a una muestra compuesta por 115 adictos a sustancias y 115 personas de poblacion no clinica, igualadas en edad, sexo y nivel educativo. Resultados. Se evidencian diferencias significativas entre los adictos a sustancias y los sujetos no clinicos en la escala emocional del ISP y el MFE-30; ademas, en la muestra clinica se observan correlaciones altamente significativas entre todas las escalas. Entre las personas con adicciones que manifestaron quejas de memoria y quienes no, se evidencian diferencias significativas en todas las escalas, a excepcion del estres autopercibido. Conclusiones. Se considera necesario tomar en cuenta los niveles de estres autopercibido, la sintomatologia frontal y las quejas subjetivas de memoria en adictos a sustancias, debido a que los problemas ejecutivos, atencionales y mnesicos podrian afectar diversas variables en el proceso de tratamiento y rehabilitacion.